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Appendix B . Entering the Linux Community 765 . Apache Software Foundation (www.apache.org) Produces the Apache (HTTP) Web server. It also manages related projects, such as SpamAssassin (spam filtering software) and a variety of modules for serving special Web content (perl, SSL, PHP, and so on). . K Desktop Environment (www.kde.org) Develops KDE, one of the two leading desktop environments used with Linux. . GNOME (www.gnome.org) Develops the other leading Linux desktop environment (used as the default desktop for Red Hat Linux systems). . X.org (www.x.org) and XFree86 (www.xfree86.org) These two organizations provide different implementations of the X Window System graphical desktop framework software. . Internet Systems Consortium (www.isc.org) Develops several major open source software projects related to the Internet. These include Bind (domain name system server), INN (InterNetNews news server), and DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol). Linux User Groups A good way to learn more about Linux and become more a part of the Linux community is to hook up with a Linux User Group (LUG). LUGs tend to come and go, so you might have to do some work to track one down in your area. Here are some places to start your search: . Google (www.google.com/linux) I found both of the LUGs I ve been associated with by using Google to search for the word Linux and the city closest to where I was living. . Linux Meetup Groups (linux.meetup.com) Enter your ZIP Code to search for the nearest LUG in your area. . Linux Online (www.linux.org/groups) Offers a large, international list of Linux User Groups. Select your country to see a list of available groups. . LinuxGazette GLUE (glue.linuxgazette.com) The Groups of Linux Users Everywhere (GLUE) site contains lists of known LUGs. If there is no Linux User Group in your area, you might consider starting one. To get information on what LUGs are all about and some suggestions about starting one, refer to the Linux User Group HOWTO (www.tldp.org/HOWTO/ User-Group-HOWTO.html).
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764 Appendixes . Linspire (www.linspire.com) Purchase a computer running Linspire from this site, or just buy the boxed set. No demo copies are available, but you can get a 15-day free trial of Linspire. . Mandrake (www.mandrakelinux.com) Developers of this distribution ask that you join the Mandrake Club to help support the project. Companies and Groups Supporting Linux Some companies and organizations make important contributions to Linux and open source software without producing their own Linux distribution. Here are some of the most prominent ones: . VA Software (www.vasoftware.com) With its Open Source Technology Group (OSDG), VA Software manages many of the premier open source sites on the Web. It maintains open source development sites Freshmeat (www.freshmeat. net) and SourceForge (www.sourceforge.net). It also maintains information technology sites, such as Slashdot (www.slashdot.org), NewsForge (www. newsforge.com), Linux.com (www.linux.com), and IT Manager s Journal (www.itmanagersjournal.com). . IBM (www.ibm.com/linux) Because IBM has taken on the lion s share of lawsuits against Linux and done a lot to further Linux, especially in the enterprise area, it deserves a mention here. There are many good resources for Linux at IBM s Web site, including some excellent white papers covering Linux in business. . Ibiblio (www.ibiblio.org) Contains a massive archive of Linux software and documentation (www.ibiblio.org/pub/linux). Major Linux Projects As you know by now, the name Linux comes from the Linux kernel created by Linus Torvalds. The desktop, application, server, and other software needed to create a full Linux system are added from other open source projects. The following is a list of some of the major open source software organizations that usually have software included with Linux: . Free Software Foundation (www.fsf.org) Supports the GNU project, which produces much of the software outside the kernel that is associated with Linux. In particular, open source versions of nearly every early UNIX command has been implemented by the GNU project.
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Appendix B . Entering the Linux Community 763 . Distrowatch (www.distrowatch.com) Contains information about a few hundred different Linux distributions. The site provides an easy way to find out about different distributions, and then simply connect to the distribution s home page, download site, or related forums. . LinuxISO.org (www.linuxiso.org) Provides information about Linux distributions and how to get them. Also tells you about downloading, verifying, and burning your own CDs from ISO images. . LWN.net Linux Distributions (lwn.net/Distributions) If you want to read succinct descriptions of more than 400 Linux distributions on one page, this is the place to go. Here are key sites associated with Linux distributions covered in this book: . Fedora (fedora.redhat.com) Community-driven Linux, supported by Red Hat. Check the Fedora Legacy Project (http://fedoralegacy.org) for longterm support issues. Look to Fedora Extras (www.fedora.us) and Livna.org (rpm.livna.org) for downloads of extra Fedora software. . Red Hat Enterprise Linux (www.redhat.com) Check the main Red Hat Web site for information on commercial Linux products. . Debian GNU/Linux (www.debian.org) Get news, documentation, support, and download information about Debian. To learn about packages, try the Debian Package a Day site (www.livejournal.com/users/debaday), which adds new descriptions of packages in the Sarge Debian distribution each day. (This site lists the 20 most recent journal entries.) . SUSE (www.suse.com) Get product and support information from this project s site. Also try the Novell site (www.novell.com), which owns SUSE. . Knoppix (www.knopper.net/knoppix/index-en.html) The official KNOPPIX page on its creator s (Klaus Knopper s) Web site. An English forum is at www.knoppix.net, and a German forum at www.linuxtag.org/forum. . Yellow Dog (www.yellowdoglinux.com) From this site, sponsored by Terra Soft Solutions, you can purchase Yellow Dog Linux on CDs or get it preinstalled on Mac hardware. The YDL.net site offers some extra services for Yellow Dog Linux users, such as personal e-mail accounts and Web space. . Gentoo (www.gentoo.org) The center for the very active Gentoo community. The site contains a wealth of information about Gentoo and plenty of forums and IRC channels in which to participate. You ll find a solid and growing documentation set to back up the distribution, and tons of software packages to try (in the thousands). . Slackware (www.slackware.org) Check the changelogs at this site to get a feel for the latest Slackware developments. Try LinuxPackages (www.linux packages.net) for a broader range of information about Slackware.
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762 Appendixes . Groklaw (www.groklaw.net) The place to look for information regarding legal issues surrounding open source software. . Linux Today (www.linuxtoday.com) This site gathers news that is of particular interest to software developers and IT managers. . LWN.net (www.lwn.net) Produces a weekly newsletter covering a range of Linux topics. . Newsforge (www.newsforge.com) Bills itself as the Online Newspaper for Linux and Open Source. Contains many original articles, as well as links to up-to-the-minute open source stories from other locations on the Web. . LinuxInsider (www.linuxinsider.com) Covers news articles relating to Linux issues around the world. If you need help or have questions about Linux, here are a few sites to try: . Linux Questions (www.linuxquestions.org) In addition to offering forums on different Linux distributions, this is a great place to ask questions relating to hardware compatibility, security, and networking. The site also has some good tutorials, as well as reviews of books and Linux distributions. . Google Linux (www.google.com/linux) Search for Linux-specific information from this part of the Google search site. . Linux Forums (www.linuxforums.org) Contains active forums on your favorite distributions and has active IRC channels as well. . The Linux Documentation Project (www.tldp.org) Offers a wide range of HOWTOs, guides, FAQs, man pages, and other documentation related to Linux. . Linux Help (www.linuxhelp.net) Offers forums, news, and current information about the Linux kernel. Also contains information about finding Linux mailing lists, newsgroups, and user groups. . Linux Online (www.linux.org) Provides a central source of information relating to Linux distributions, documentation, books, and people. . Linux Kernel Archives (www.kernel.org) The primary site for Linux kernel development. You can get the latest stable or testing versions of the Linux kernel. Not the first place to start with Linux, but I thought you d want to know it was there. Linux Distributions Every major Linux distribution has a Web site that provides information about how to get it and use it. If you haven t chosen a distribution yet, here are some sites that can help you evaluate, find, and get a Linux distribution that interests you:
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Entering the Linux Community Using and playing with Linux is great fun. Connecting up with others who share your joy in Linux can make the whole Linux experience that much better. Some of the ways you can connect to the Linux community include: . Joining a Linux User Group (LUG) . Contributing to an open source project . Asking or answering questions at online Linux forums . Connecting to a Linux IRC chat room Activity in the Linux and the open source communities has grown so dramatically in recent years that there are many diverse outlets for learning and getting to know other Linux enthusiasts. This appendix contains a variety of resources that you can use to help you expand your knowledge and activity in Linux and its growing communities. General Linux Sites While Slashdot.org is probably the news site that most Linux enthusiasts keep track of and participate in, there are many other places to look for Linux and open source news as well. . Slashdot (www.slashdot.org) Probably the top news site for open source devotees. People submit links to news articles, book reviews, and interviews related to technology, science, politics, or other news for nerds. Then everyone piles on with their own commentaries. Having your book or project slashdotted means you have made the big time although you are as likely to get crushed as you are to get praised. ABPBP E N D I X
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Appendix A: Media 759 10. Insert a blank CD into the CD burner drive, which may be a combination with your DVD drive. (If a CD/DVD Creator window pops up, you can just close it.) Figure A-1: Use K3b to burn your installation CDs. 11. Check the settings on the Burn CD Image window (often the defaults are fine, but you may want to slow down the speed if you get some bad burns) and click Start. 12. When the CD is done burning, eject it (or it may eject automatically) and mark it appropriately (information such as the distribution name, version number, and date). Now you re ready to begin installing (or booting) the Linux distribution you just burned. Refer to Chapter 7 for general information on installing Linux. Then go to the chapter that covers your particular distribution to find its specific installation procedure. If you don t have Linux installed or K3b available at the moment, you can burn CDs from any CD-burning application you have available. There s a nice overview of CD installation tools and how to use them to burn CDs at the Gentoo Web site (www.gentoo.org/doc/en/faq.xml). It describes disk-burning tools that are available on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux systems. . . .
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758 Appendixes 3. Open the distros directory and select the Linux ISO image you want to burn to CD. Your choices are: damnsmall-dsl-0.9.0.1.iso Contains the complete Damn Small Linux distribution. You can burn it to a regular CD, mini-CD, or bootable business card size CD. feather-0.5.6.iso Contains the complete Feather Linux distribution. You can burn it to a regular CD, mini-CD or bootable business card size CD. Gentoo-install-x86-universal-2004.3-rl.iso Contains the universal install CD image for starting a Gentoo installation. Requires 633MB of space. INSERT-1.2.14.en.iso Contains the Inside Security Rescue Tools CD image. This is a bootable Linux CD image that requires only about 50MB of disk space. It can be burned to a regular CD, mini-CD, or bootable business card size CD. slackware-10.0-install-d1.iso Contains the CD image of the first of two Slackware 10 install CDs. It can be used by itself to install Slackware with a basic X desktop, some server packages, and programming tools. The second Slackware CD (slackware-10.0-install-d2.iso) is also on the DVD and can be used to add KDE or GNOME desktops. SUSE-LiveCD-9.1.iso Contains the CD image of the SUSE LiveCD. You can use it to install a workable desktop SUSE Linux system that includes KDE desktop and a nice set of desktop applications. 4. Open a folder on your hard disk (such as your home directory from a desktop icon) and browse to or create a folder to copy the CD image to. (You ll need between 50MB and 700MB of hard disk space, depending on the disk image you choose.) 5. Drag-and-drop the image to the folder on your hard disk. 6. Close all folders and shells that are open on the DVD or CD, and then unmount and eject the medium (right-click the DVD or CD icon and select Eject). 7. Open a CD/DVD burning application. For this procedure, I recommend K3B CD/DVD Burning Facility (http://www.k3b.org). In Fedora, select the Red Hat or Applications menu and choose Sound & Video .K3b (or type k3b from a Terminal window). The K3b - CD Kreator window appears. 8. From the K3b window, select Tools.CD.Burn CD Image. You are asked to choose an image file. 9. Browse to the image you just copied to hard disk and select it. Once the image you want is selected, the Burn CD Image window appears and does a checksum on the image. (You can compare the checksum number that appears against the number in the MD5SUM file on the DVD for this image, to be sure that the CD image was not corrupted.) Figure A-1 shows the Burn CD Image window ready to burn an image of Damn Small Linux.
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Appendix A: Media 757 Some of these distributions have downloadable versions available on the Internet. I recommend that you try a Linux distribution site such as DistroWatch.com (www.distrowatch.com) to see if there is a free version of any of these distributions to try out. Creating Linux CDs There are several tools you can use to create bootable CDs for either installing or just running Linux from CD images contained on the DVD. Before you begin, you need to have the following: . DVD or CD drive You need a drive from which to copy the ISO image of the CD you want from the DVD or CD that come with this book, depending on which medium contains the image that you want. If you don t have a DVD drive, download and verify Linux installation CD images yourself, as described in Chapter 7. Then burn those images to CD as explained later in this appendix. . Linux Bible 2005 Edition DVD or CD The DVD contains two different CD images that you can burn to CD and use to install that particular Linux. The CD contains three live CD images and one install image you can burn to CD. . Blank CDs You need blank CDs to burn the CD images to. . CD burner You can use a different drive than your DVD/CD drive to burn CDs. Or, alternatively, you can copy a CD image to hard disk, remove the DVD/CD, and burn the new CD image to a CD in the same drive. Unless you have two DVD/CD drives, you must copy the CD image to your hard disk before you can burn it. (If you have two drives, simply skip the steps for copying the CD image to hard disk.) Here s how to create bootable Linux CDs from a running Linux system (such as Fedora Core 3): 1. With a Linux desktop system running, insert the Linux Bible 2005 Edition DVD or CD into the drive. 2. If an icon appears on the desktop for the DVD, open it (double-click). (If an icon doesn t appear, mount the DVD manually by typing something like the following as root user: mount /dev/cdrom or mount /dev/hdc, depending on the location of your DVD or CD drive. Then browse to where that image is located from your desktop window manager. It s probably mounted on /mnt/cdrom or something like /media/cdrecorder.)
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756 Appendixes Inside Security Rescue Toolkit Inside Security Rescue Toolkit (INSERT) is a small, bootable Linux distribution that contains a variety of useful tools for checking, repairing, and recovering computers and networks. INSERT is small enough to fit on a bootable business card CD or mini- CD. While many of its tools are text-based, INSERT includes a simple graphical interface (using X and FluxBox window manager) and a few graphical tools. An ISO image of INSERT is contained on the CD that comes with this book. Information on burning INSERT to CD is contained later in this appendix. Refer to Chapter 18 for descriptions of what s inside INSERT. Feather Linux Like Damn Small Linux, Feather Linux is a small, bootable Linux distribution that s based on KNOPPIX, with some features from Damn Small Linux as well. Burn the image from the CD that comes with this book to CD or mini-CD (it takes only 64MB of disk space). Refer to Chapter 18 for details about the contents of the Feather Linux distribution. Coyote Linux Although not considered a major Linux distribution, Coyote Linux is an excellent illustration of a useful Linux distribution that fits on a floppy disk (1.4MB). You ll copy the tar file of Coyote Linux on the DVD to a Linux system, configure Coyote Linux to suit your needs, and copy the resulting boot image to floppy disk. See Chapter 17 for information on how to configure and use Coyote Linux as a firewall. Linux Distributions Not on the DVD or CD Not all the Linux distributions featured in this book are included on the DVD. Some of these did not encourage free redistribution of their products, while others were simply too large to include in their entirety and were not available on a single install CD or bootable Live CD. The following Linux distributions described in the book are not on the DVD. The link shown after each distribution s name indicates the Internet site where you can find out how to purchase or otherwise obtain it. . Yellow Dog Linux (www.terrasoftsolutions.com/store) . Linspire Linux (www.linspire.com/product_page.php) . Mandrakelinux (www.mandrakesoft.com/products) . Red Hat Enterprise Linux (www.redhat.com/software/rhel/)
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Appendix A: Media 755 Finding Linux Distributions on the CD The CD that comes with this book boots directly to a Debian network install or a live boot of Damn Small Linux. An ISO image of a Gentoo minimal install CD is contained in the distros directory, as well as bootable images of INSERT and Feather Linux. Coyote Linux is contained on a tar/gzip that you copy to a hard disk and build into a floppy Linux distribution from instructions in Chapter 17. Debian GNU/Linux The net install ISO image of Debian GNU/Linux distribution is contained on the CD. Debian offers thoroughly tested releases that many Linux consultants and experts use because of its excellent software packaging and stability. Debian is used as the sample distribution for creating a Web server (LAMP) and mail server, as described in Chapters 23 and 24, respectively. You can install Debian directly from the CD that comes with this book. The procedure for installing Debian is included in Chapter 9. Gentoo Linux The Gentoo Minimal install CD ISO image is included on the CD. With the Gentoo CD, you can install a usable Linux system, to which you can add any of the nearly 7,000 software packages that are available with Gentoo. Those packages can be obtained over a network connection or from a local CD, DVD, or hard disk. (A network install of those additional packages is described in Chapter 13.) Procedures for burning the Gentoo ISO image from the CD that comes with this book to CD are contained later in this appendix. Then refer to Chapter 13 for information on using the Gentoo CD to install Gentoo on your computer. The procedure described in that chapter has you building much of the Gentoo operating system from scratch, specifically for your computer hardware, and downloading needed packages from the Internet. Damn Small Linux Damn Small Linux is set up to boot directly from the CD contained with this book. We have also included an ISO image of Damn Small Linux included on the same CD that can fit on a mini-CD (less than 50MB). This distribution illustrates how a useful desktop Linux distribution, which includes full network connectivity and some useful productivity applications, can fit in a very small space. Information on burning the Damn Small Linux distribution to CD is contained later in this appendix. See Chapter 18 for information on using Damn Small Linux.
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