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Chapter 20 . Working with Words and Images 519 .EN .sp .EQ x sup 3 ~ + ~ y sup 3 ~ + ~ z sup 3~lineup = ~ 1400 .EN If this appeared in a memo called memoeqn.mm, the memo would be preprocessed by eqn and then sent to the printer using the following command: $ groff -Tps -l -mm -e memoeqn.mm All data between the .EQ and .EN macros are interpreted as equations. The resulting output from the equation would appear as shown in Figure 20-7. Figure 20-7: Produce equations in documents with the use of the eqn command s .EQ and .EN macros. To create a table in a Groff document, use the .TS and .TE macros of the tbl preprocessor. The following is an example of the markup used to produce a simple table: .TS center, box, tab(:); c s s c | c | c l | l | l. Mergers and Acquisitions Team = Employee:Title:Location =_ Jones, James:Marketing Manager:New York Office Smith, Charles:Sales Manager:Los Angeles Office Taylor, Sarah:R&D Manager:New York Office Walters, Mark:Information Systems Manager:Salt Lake City Office Zur, Mike:Distribution Manager:Portland Office .TE The .TS macro starts the table, and the next line indicates that the table should be centered on the page (center) and surrounded by a line box and that a colon will be used to separate the data into cells (tab(:)). The third line shows that the heading
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518 Part IV . Running Applications Figure 20-6: Add headings and approval lines automatically to memos. Adding Equations, Tables, and Pictures To interpret special macros for equations, tables, and line drawings, you can run separate commands (eqn, tbl, and pic commands) on the file before you run the groff command. Alternatively, you can add options to the groff command line to have the file preprocessed automatically by any of the commands (-e for eqn, -t for tbl, and -p for pic). Here are some examples of EQN, TBL, and PIC markup included in a Groff document. The first example shows an equation that can be processed by eqn: .EQ a ~ mark = ~ 30 .EN .sp .EQ a sup 2 ~ + ~ b sup 2~lineup = ~ 1000
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Chapter 20 . Working with Words and Images 517 The mm macros were often used to produce technical memos. The following is an example of a sign-off sheet that might go at the front of a larger technical memo: .TL Merger Technical Specifications .AF ABC Corporation .AU Christopher Craft .AT President .AS This memo details the specifications for the planned merger. .AE .MT Merger Description and Marching Orders As a result of our talks with XYZ corporation, we plan to go forward with the merger. This document contains the following: .BL .LI Schedule and time tables. .LI Financial statements. .LI Asset allocations. .LE .SP Please add any corrections you have, then sign the approval line indicated at the bottom of this sheet. .FC .SG .AV John W. Doe, XYZ Corporation President .AV Sylvia Q. Public, XYZ Corporation CFO .NS Everyone in the corporation. .NE Figure 20-6 shows the output of this memo. For a complete listing of mm macros, see the groff_mm man page. More than 100 mm macros exist. Also, dozens of defined strings let you set and recall information such as figure names, tables, table of contents information, and text that is automatically printed with different headings. Note
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516 Part IV . Running Applications To format and print (to a PostScript printer) a document with mm macros, use the following: $ groff -mm -Tps -l letter.mm Here s a simple example of how to use mm macros to produce a letter: .WA Christopher T. Craft 999 Anyway Way Anytown, UT 84111 USA .WE .IA John W. Doe 111 Notown Blvd. Notown, UT 84111 .IE .LO RN Our telephone conversation .LO SA Dear Mr. Doe: .LT In reference to our telephone conversation on the 4th, I am calling to confirm our upcoming appointment on the 18th. I look forward to discussing the merger. I believe we have a win-win situation here. .FC Yours Truly, .SG Use the command line $ groff -mm -Tps -l letter.mm, and the output will look like Figure 20-5. Figure 20-5: Create a simple letter using mm macros.
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Chapter 20 . Working with Words and Images 515 Table 20-1 Man Macros Macro Description .B Bold .BI Bold, then italics (alternating) .BR Bold, then roman (alternating) .DT Set default tabs .HP Begin a hanging indent .I Italics .IB Italics, then bold (alternating) .IP Begin hanging tag. For options. Long tags use .TP. .IR Italics, then roman (alternating) .LP Begin paragraph .PD Set distance between paragraphs .PP Begin paragraph .RB Roman, then bold (alternating) .RE End relative indent (after .RS) .RI Roman, then italics (alternating) .RS Begin relative indent (use .RE to end indent) .SB Small text, then bold (alternating) .SM Small text. Used to show words in all caps. .SH Section head .SS Subheading within a .SH heading. .TH Title heading. Used once at the beginning of the man page. .TP Begin a hanging tag. Begins text on next line, not same line as tag. Creating a Letter, Memo, or White Paper with Groff Memorandum macros (which are used with the -mm option of Groff) were once popular among UNIX users for producing technical documents, letters, and memos. Although more modern word processors with a variety of WYSIWYG templates have made the mm macros outdated, in a pinch they are still a quick way to create a typeset-style document in a text environment.
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