Ftp web hosting - 736 Part VI . Programming in Linux ldd
736 Part VI . Programming in Linux ldd prints the names of the shared libraries file requires. Two of ldd s most useful options are -d, which reports any missing functions, and -r, which reports missing functions and missing data objects. For example, the following ldd reports that the mail client mutt (which may or may not be installed on your system) requires eight shared libraries. $ ldd /usr/bin/mutt libncursesw.so.5 => /lib/libncursesw.so.5 (0×40021000) libssl.so.0 => /usr/lib/libssl.so.0 (0×40066000) libcrypto.so.0 => /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0 (0×40097000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0×40195000) libgpm.so.1 => /lib/libgpm.so.1 (0×402c5000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0×402cb000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0×40000000) libncurses.so.5 => /lib/libncurses.so.5 (0×402ce000) The output might be different on your system. The ldconfig Command ldconfig determines the runtime links required by shared libraries that are located in /usr/lib and /lib, specified in libs on the command line, and stored in /etc/ ld.so.conf. It works in conjunction with ld.so, the dynamic linker/loader, to create and maintain links to the most current versions of shared libraries available on a system. It has the following syntax: ldconfig [options] [libs] A bare ldconfig simply updates the cache file, /etc/ld.so.cache. options controls ldconfig s behavior. The -v option tells ldconfig to be verbose as it updates the cache. The -p option says to print without updating the current list of shared libraries about which ld.so knows. Environment Variables and Configuration Files The dynamic linker/loader ld.so uses a number of environment variables to customize and control its behavior. The first variable is $LD_LIBRARY_PATH, a colon-separated list of directories in which to search for shared libraries at runtime. It is similar to the $PATH environment variable. A second important variable is $LD_PRELOAD, which is a whitespace-separated list of additional, user-specified shared libraries to load before all other libraries. It is used selectively to override functions in other shared libraries. ld.so also uses two configuration files whose purposes parallel those environment variables. /etc/ld.so.conf contains a list of directories that the linker/loader should search for shared libraries in addition to the standard directories, /usr/lib and /lib. /etc/ld.so.preload is a disk-based version of the $LD_PRELOAD environment variable; it contains a whitespace-separated list of shared libraries to be
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